Compressor HVAC: Description and Operation

Air Conditioning

The refrigerant system components include the following:

- Pulley-driven A/C compressor (non-hybrid)
- Electric A/C compressor (hybrid)
- A/C clutch assembly (non-hybrid)
- A/C condenser core
- A/C evaporator core
- Receiver/drier cartridge
- Connecting refrigerant lines
- Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV)

The refrigerant system incorporates an A/C compressor controlled by the PCM through an A/C clutch relay. The HVAC module sends an A/C request signal to the Instrument Cluster (IC), which relays the request to the PCM. An evaporator discharge air temperature sensor is used to disengage the A/C compressor clutch when the evaporator core temperature falls below an acceptable temperature.

The A/C compressor clutch will only be engaged by the PCM if all of the following conditions are met:

- The HVAC module is set to a mode which provides an A/C request to the PCM via the IC.
- The evaporator discharge air temperature sensor is reading an acceptable temperature.
- The A/C pressure transducer is reading an acceptable pressure in the high side of the refrigerant system.
- The A/C compressor relay is switched to the closed position by the PCM.
- The engine coolant temperature is not excessively high.
- The PCM has not detected a Wide Open Throttle (WOT) condition.

NOTE: To prevent erroneous readings that can result from underhood heat sources, the PCM uses data from several sources to calculate ambient temperature. The vehicle must be driven for a sufficient time, speed and distance after startup before the calculated ambient temperature is updated in the PCM. If a vehicle is moved from a below-freezing environment to a warm environment (such as being moved from outside into a garage or when delivered from a cold climate to a warm climate), the minimal amount of driving may not be sufficient for the calculated ambient temperature to be updated. In this event, the PCM will believe the ambient temperature is too low for A/C operation and, to prevent an increased risk of compressor slugging or damage, will not engage the A/C compressor in any mode. To manually reset the PCM calculated ambient temperature to the current temperature, run the vehicle until the thermostat opens and then clear the PCM Keep Alive Memory (KAM). For the KAM resetting procedure, refer to Computers and Control Systems Information. When the PCM KAM is reset, the ambient temperature will reset to the current higher value (a value closer to actual surrounding conditions) and the A/C compressor will operate normally.

An A/C pressure relief valve is installed in the A/C compressor to protect the refrigerant system against excessively high refrigerant pressures.

Refrigerant flow into the evaporator core is metered by a TXV.


Electric A/C Compressor - Hybrid

NOTICE: Motorcraft(R) Electric Compressor Oil YN-32 only must be used as a refrigerant system lubricant for hybrid vehicles. Addition of any oil other than Motorcraft(R) Electric Compressor Oil YN-32 to the refrigerant system will damage the electric Air Conditioning (A/C) compressor and contaminate the refrigerant system.

Hybrid vehicles are equipped with a variable-speed electric A/C compressor that is powered by the high-voltage traction battery system. The electric A/C compressor allows for A/C operation to continue even when the vehicle is in full electric mode and the gasoline engine is not running. The Air Conditioning Compressor Module (ACCM) is an integral part of the electric A/C compressor and cannot be removed from the compressor.