Part 1
Exterior Lighting
Exterior Lighting Component Location
General
The exterior lighting system comprises the following exterior lamps:
^ Front and rear side lamps
^ License plate lamps
^ Side marker lamps (if fitted)
^ Front and rear turn signal indicator lamps
^ Turn signal indicator repeater lamps
^ Stop lamps and high mounted stop lamp
^ Reversing lamps
^ Rear fog lamps
^ Front fog lamps (if fitted)
^ Cornering/Static bending lamps (if fitted) - All except NAS
^ Low and high beam headlamps
^ Adaptive Front lighting System (AFS) (if fitted).
Exterior Bulb Type/Rating
The following table shows the bulbs used for the exterior lighting system and their type and specification.
Central junction box
The Central Junction Box (CJB) is an integrated unit located behind the instrument panel on the passenger side of the bulkhead. The CJB contains fuses, relays and a number of microprocessors which control the power supply and functionality of the lighting system and other vehicle systems.
Input Signals
The CJB receives inputs from the following switches:
^ Lighting control switch Side lamp position Headlamp position Automatic (AUTO) position (if fitted)
^ Side lamp position
^ Headlamp position
^ Automatic (AUTO) position (if fitted)
^ Brake switch
^ Left hand steering column multifunction switch for turn signal indicators and high beam/headlamp flash
^ Hazard flasher switch
^ Rain/light sensor (LIN signal)
Circuit Protection
The CJB provides circuit protection for all exterior lighting circuits. Most exterior lighting circuits are protected by conventional fuses, however, the following circuits are protected by Field Effect Transistors (FETs).
^ Low beam
^ High beam
^ Cornering/static bending lamps
^ Turn signal indicator lamps
^ Trailer turn signal indicator lamps.
Operation of the above listed circuits is protected by FETs which can detect overloads and short circuits. The FETs respond to heat generated by increased current flow caused by a short circuit. On a normal circuit this would cause the fuse to blow. The FETs respond to the heat increase and disconnect the supply to the affected circuit. When the fault is rectified or the FET has cooled, the FET will reset and operate the circuit normally. If the fault persists the FET will cycle, disconnecting and reconnecting the power supply.
The CJB stores fault codes which can be retrieved using T4. The fault code will identify that there is fault on a particular output which will assist with fault detection.
Alarm Indications
The exterior lighting system is used for alarm arm and disarm requests.
When the driver locks the vehicle, a visual indication of a successful lock request is displayed to the driver by the hazard flashers operating three times with a pattern of 500ms on and 500ms off.
When the driver unlocks the vehicle, a visual indication of a successful unlock request is displayed to the driver by the hazard flashers operating once for 3 seconds.
If the alarm is triggered, the hazard flashers are operated for ten 30 second cycles of on for 380ms and off 380ms with a 5 second off delay between each cycle.
Lights on Warning Chime
When the ignition switch is in the off (0) or auxiliary (I) position and the lighting control switch is in the side lamp or headlamp position, a warning chime will sound if the driver's door is opened. This indicates to the driver that the exterior lights have been left on.
The chime is generated from the instrument cluster sounder on receipt of a lights on signal, a door open signal and an ignition switch off signal from the CJB on the CAN bus.
Crash Signal Activation
When a crash signal is transmitted from the restraints control module, the CJB activates the hazard flashers and the turn signal indicators in the instrument cluster.
The hazard flashers will continue to operate until the ignition switch is moved to the auxiliary position I or the off position O or the restraints control module no longer transmits the crash signal.
Headlamp Timer
The CJB controls a headlamp timer function which allows the headlamps to remain on for a period of time after leaving the vehicle. This is a driver convenience feature which illuminates the driveway after leaving the vehicle.
To select this feature, the lighting control switch must be in the headlamp or side lamp position when the ignition switch is moved from the ignition position II to the off position. The lighting control switch must be moved to the off position or AUTO position (if fitted) to activate the timer. The timer function will then be initiated and low beam headlamps will be illuminated for the selected timer period.
The timer period is selectable by the driver and can range from 10 to 60 seconds in 10 second increments. The default timer period is set at 20 seconds.
The default setting can be changed by a Land Rover or authorised dealer or by the driver using the vehicle's customer personalisation options.
With the vehicle stationary and the ignition switch in any position, pressing the trip computer button on the end of the left hand steering column multifunction switch gives access to the options. The options can be scrolled through using the audio search buttons on the steering wheel. The options are displayed in the message center. When the headlamp timer option is reached, the settings can be changed using the audio search buttons on the steering wheel. When the selection has been made confirmation is performed by pressing the trip computer button.
NOTE: The headlamp timer feature will be cancelled under the following conditions:
^ The ignition switch is moved from auxiliary (I) to ignition (II)
^ The lighting control switch is moved from off to side lamps.
The headlamp timer can also be operated using the ignition key personal button, if this feature has been set by the driver.
NOTE: In certain markets the headlamp timer function using the ignition key personal button also activates the reversing lamps to provide additional illumination at the rear of the vehicle.
Lighting control switch
The lighting control switch is located in the driver's side of the instrument panel, below the outer fresh air vent. The switch contains a rotary switch for selecting the vehicle exterior lighting functions and an instrument illumination dimmer rheostat.
Two variants of the switch are available to cover the different vehicle specifications and market variations.
NOTE: Lighting control switch with AUTO function shown
All outputs from the lighting control switch, with the exception of the dimmer control output, are subject to a voltage drop through the switch of approximately200mV. Therefore, assuming that the input voltage to the switch is 12V, then the voltage measured at the switch output pins will be 11.8V.
Rotary Control
The rotary control can be turned to select one of four positions; off, side lamps, headlamps and automatic (AUTO). On vehicles without the automatic feature the switch only has three positions.
Three additional positions for fog lamps are available by pulling the rotary control; all fog lamps off, front fog lamps on only and front and rear fog lamps on. On vehicles without front fog lamps the switch can only be pulled once to activate the rear fog lamps.
On vehicles fitted with front fog lamps, the rotary control can be pulled to select fog lamps when it is in the side lamps or headlamps positions.
The rotary control can only be pulled to select rear fog lamps when it is in the headlamps position.
The fog lamps will be switched off automatically when the rotary control is turned to the off position or pushed in to the fog lamps off position.
Dimmer Control
The dimmer control provides a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) output to control the illumination brightness of the instrument panel and other illumination. The dimmer switch operates using a rotary thumbwheel which is connected to a rheostat and a high side switch.
The rheostat is a variable resistor which provides a high or low resistance according to its set position. This output is passed to a switchable capacitor or a high side switch. The high side switch uses the output from the rheostat to determine the switching frequency of the capacitor which provides the PWM output of between 8 and 12V to determine the brightness of the illumination.
Automatic Headlamps
Refer to Automatic Headlamps in this section.
Headlamp assembly
Three types of headlamp are available; Halogen, Bi-Xenon or Adaptive Front lighting System (AFS).
The headlamps share a common, clear lens. The headlamps are located on the front carrier assembly. Each headlamp is secured to the front carrier assembly with two locking plates. The locking plate slides in grooves in the rear of the headlamp and two holes in each plate locate on pins on the carrier. Each locking plate is pressed down to lock the pins in the locking plate holes. The locking plates allow removal of the headlamp from the carrier for bulb changing without the requirement for special tools. Removal of a headlamp requires the removal of the radiator grille.
The rear of the headlamp unit has removable access panels which allow access to the bulbs for replacement. A large cover, which is rotated anti-clockwise to remove, allows access to the low/high beam bulb on both halogen and xenon headlamps. Another removable cover provides access to the high beam only halogen bulb which is retained with a spring clip. A smaller cover, which is located behind the outer locking plate, can also be rotated anti-clockwise to provide access to the turn signal lamp bulb. Another cover located on the underside of the headlamp assembly provides access to the side lamp bulb, the cornering lamp/static bending lamp bulb and the side marker lamp bulb on NAS models.
The headlamps have two adjustment screws on the rear which allow for the manual setting of the vertical and horizontal alignment.
On NAS vehicles the headlamp is regarded as 'Visual Optically Left' (VOL) aiming. These have to be moved in the same direction and by the same amount to create vertical movement of the beam pattern. There is no horizontal adjustment. Refer to the Service Repair Procedures manual for headlamp alignment data and procedures.
Each headlamp has an integral sixteen pin connector which provides inputs and outputs for the various functions of the headlamp assembly. The usage of the pins differs between model variants, refer to the Electrical Reference Library (ERL) for pin details.
The low beam headlamps are switched on when the ignition switch is in the ignition position (II) and:
^ the lighting control switch is in the headlamp position
^ the lighting control switch is in the AUTO position and a 'lights on' signal is received by the CJB from the rain/light sensor.
The low beam headlamps can also be operated by the headlamp delay feature.
The high beam headlamps are switched on when the ignition switch is in position (II) and:
^ The low beam headlamps are selected on in the headlamp position or activated via the AUTO feature
^ The left hand steering column multifunction switch is pushed forward away from the driver.
The high beam headlamps will be switched off when:
^ The left hand steering column multifunction switch is moved rearward towards the driver
^ The low beam headlamps are switched off
^ The ignition switch is moved to the auxiliary position (I) or off position (0).
Halogen Headlamps
The mono-halogen low beam only headlamp uses a projector lens, similar to the xenon headlamp. The projector module comprises an ellipsoidal lens and a reflector. The projector reflector collects the light produced by the halogen bulb and projects the light into a focal plane containing a shield. The contour of the shield is projected onto the road by the lens.
A complex surface reflector is used for the halogen fill in high beam lamp. This type of reflector is divided into separate parabolic segments, with each segment having a different focal length. The low and high beam bulbs are quartz halogen H7, with a rating of 55W.
The bulbs are retained in the headlamp unit with conventional wire retaining clips.
A tourist lever mechanism is located on the inboard side of the projector module. This mechanism moves a flap to blank off a portion of the beam spread to enable the vehicle to be driven in opposite drive hand markets without applying blanking decals to the headlamp lens. The beam is changed by removing the access cover at the rear of the lamp assembly and moving a small lever located near the bulb holder, at the side of the projector. The tourist function is operated by pushing the lever upwards on LH headlamps and downwards on RH headlamps.
Cornering Lamp
NOTE: The cornering lamps are not fitted to NAS vehicles
The cornering lamps are an optional feature designed to illuminate the direction of travel when cornering at low speeds. The design of the lens projects a spread of light from the vehicle at approximately 45 degrees to the vehicle axis.
The cornering lamp is incorporated into the outer part of the headlamp assembly and shares the same housing and reflector as the side lamp.
The cornering lamp uses a 35W Halogen H8 bulb which is permanently located in an integral holder which is connected on the headlamp housing. The holder is located in an aperture in the headlamp housing and rotated to lock. The bulb is accessible via a removable cover on the base of the headlamp housing. The cornering lamps are controlled by the left hand steering column multifunction switch with the lighting control switch in the headlamp position and the ignition switch in position II. The cornering lamps are supplied power via the ignition switch to ensure that they do not function with the headlamp delay feature. The cornering lamps are deactivated if the vehicle speed exceeds 25 mph (40 km/h).
Only one cornering lamp will illuminate at any one time. If the left hand turn signal indicators are selected on, the left hand cornering lamp will be illuminated and visa versa, providing the vehicle speed and lighting control switch positions are correct.
Xenon Headlamps
WARNING: The Xenon system generates up to 28000 volts and contact with this voltage could lead to fatality. Make sure that the headlamps are switched off before working on the system.
The following safety precautions must be followed when working on the xenon headlamp system:
^ DO NOT attempt any procedures on the xenon headlamps when the lights are switched on.
^ Handling of the D2S Xenon bulb must be performed using suitable protective equipment, e.g. gloves and goggles. The glass part of the bulb must not be touched.
^ Xenon bulbs must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
^ Only operate the lamp in a mounted condition in the reflector.
The xenon headlamps use a complex surface reflector for the Halogen fill in high beam lamp only lighting unit, which is of the same design as the high beam unit used on the Halogen headlamps. This type of reflector has the reflector divided into separate parabolic segments, with each segment having a different focal length.
The high beam bulbs are quartz halogen H7, with a rating of 55W. The bulbs are retained in the headlamp unit with conventional wire retaining clips.
The xenon headlamp is known as bi-xenon and operates as both low beam and high beam headlamp unit. The xenon lamp or High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamp as they are sometimes called, comprises an ellipsoidal lens with a solenoid controlled shutter to change the beam output from low to high beam.
NOTE: If the lighting control switch is in the OFF position, the xenon lamps do not operate when the high beam 'flash' function is operated. If the lighting switch is in the headlamps position or AUTO position with the low beam lamps active, the xenon low beam will remain on when the high beam 'flash' function is operated.
The xenon headlamp system is controlled by the CJB using a control module for each headlamp and an igniter. The control modules and the igniters provide the regulated power supply required to illuminate the xenon bulbs through their start-up phases of operation.
Xenon/Halogen Headlamp Beam Comparison
The xenon low/high beam headlamps use ellipsoidal technology for the lens and reflector providing improved night time visibility compared to conventional halogen headlamps. The xenon headlamps provide the following benefits when compared to halogen headlamps:
^ Longer bulb life - Approximately 3 to 5 times longer than a halogen bulb
^ Increased light output - xenon headlamps output 3 to 4 times more light on the road surface than halogen headlamps
^ Blue/White light which is closer to natural daylight - compared to a yellow light produced by a halogen bulb
^ Improved night time driving visibility - xenon lamps produce a wider and brighter beam in front of the vehicle than conventional halogen bulbs
^ Lower running temperatures
^ Lower power consumption.
The xenon headlamp is a self contained unit located within the headlamp assembly. The unit comprises a reflector, an adaptor ring, the lens, a shutter controller and the xenon bulb, which as an assembly is known as the projector module.
The reflector is curved and provides the mounting for the xenon bulb. The bulb locates in a keyway to ensure correct alignment in the reflector and is secured by two wire locking tabs. The bulb has a centrally mounted single pin and an outer ring which each connect with the contacts in the igniter.
The igniter is located on the rear of the bulb and is secured by pushing onto the bulb and rotating clockwise. The igniter has an electrical connector which can only be installed in the igniter socket once the igniter unit is attached to the bulb and is automatically ejected when the igniter is removed.
The shutter controller is a solenoid which operates the shutter mechanism via a lever. The shutter is used to change the beam projection from low beam to high beam and visa versa.
A tourist lever mechanism is located different sides of the projector module depending on market. This mechanism moves a flap to blank off a portion of the beam spread to enable the vehicle to be driven in opposite drive hand markets without applying blanking decals to the headlamp lens. The tourist function is operated by removing the access cover at the rear of the lamp assembly and pushing the tourist lever downwards.
WARNING: Make sure that the headlamps are off before removing the access cover.
The xenon bulbs illuminate when an arc of electrical current is established between two electrodes within the bulb. The xenon gas sealed in the bulb reacts to the electrical excitation and the heat generated by the current flow to produce the blue/white light.
To operate at full efficiency, the xenon bulb goes through three stages of operation before full output for continuous operation is achieved. The three phases are; start-up phase, warm-up phase and continuous phase.
In the start-up phase, the bulb requires an initial high voltage starting pulse of up to 30000 volts to establish the arc. This is produced by the igniters. The warm-up phase begins once the arc is established. The xenon control modules regulate the supply to the bulbs to 2.6A which gives a lamp output of 75W. During this phase, the xenon gas begins to illuminate brightly and the environment within the bulb stabilises ensuring a continual current flow between the electrodes. When the warm-up phase is complete, the xenon control modules change to continuous phase. The supply voltage to the bulb is reduced and the operating power required for continual operation is reduced to 35W. The process from start-up to continuous phase is completed in a very short time.
The xenon system is controlled by the CJB, the two xenon control modules and the two igniters. The xenon control modules (one per headlamp) receive an operating voltage from the CJB when the headlamps are switched on. The modules regulate the power supply required through the phases of start-up.
The igniters (one per headlamp) generate the initial high voltage required to establish the arc. The igniters have integral coils which generate high voltage pulses required for start-up. Once the xenon bulbs are operating, the igniters provide a closed circuit for regulated power supply from the control modules.
Turn Signal Indicator Lamp
The turn signal indicator lamp is incorporated into the outer part of the headlamp assembly. The lamp is located above the side lamp/cornering lamp. The turn signal indicator lamp uses a PY21W bayonet orange colored bulb in ROW markets, a S8W 27/7W wedge bulb is used in NAS markets.
The bulb is fitted into a holder which connects with contacts in the headlamp housing. The holder is fitted into an aperture in the headlamp housing and rotated to lock into position. The cover is secured in the housing by rotating in a clockwise direction until locked. Access to the cover requires removal of the headlamp from the front carrier assembly and removal of the outer locking plate from the headlamp.
The turn signal lamps are operated by the left hand steering column multifunction switch or by the hazard flasher switch. The steering column multifunction switch is only active with the ignition switch in the ignition position (II), the hazard flasher switch is active at all times. When active, the turn signal lamps will flash at a frequency cycle of 380ms on and 380ms off.
If a bulb fails, the remaining turn signal lamps bulbs continue to flash at normal speed. The turn signal indicators in the instrument cluster will flash at double speed to indicate the bulb failure to the driver.
Side Lamp
The side lamp is incorporated into the outer part of the headlamp assembly and is located below the turn signal indicator lamp. The side lamp shares the same housing and reflector as the cornering lamp and static bending lamp (when fitted).
The side lamp uses a W5W wedge fitting bulb which locates into a holder which is connected via wires to the main connector on the headlamp housing. The holder is a push fit into a receptacle in the headlamp housing. The bulb is accessible via a removable cover on the base of the headlamp housing. Access to the cover requires removal of the headlamp from the front carrier assembly.
The side lamps are operated by selecting side lamps or headlamps on the lighting control switch. The side lamps are operational at all times and are not dependant on the ignition switch position. The side lamps will also be illuminated when the lighting control switch is in the AUTO position and a 'lights on' signal is received by the CJB from the rain/light sensor.