Fuel Charging and Controls

Fuel Charging and Controls

Component Locations








General
The major components of the fuel charging and control system comprise an outlet duct, a fuel pump and control module, fuel rails and eight injectors. The fuel pump supplies fuel from the tank, via a pipe routed along the side of the transmission, to the fuel rail. The fuel rail distributes the fuel equally to each of the eight injectors. The fuel injectors, which are controlled by the Engine Management System (EMS), are installed in the fuel rails on each side of the intercoolers. A cross over pipe connects the two fuel rails together at the front of the engine.

Outlet Duct
The outlet duct directs air from the supercharger into the two intercoolers. A filler point for the intercooler coolant system is integrated into the front and right side of the outlet duct. This connection is not used on Land Rover vehicles. A vacuum take-off for the speed control system is located on the right side of the outlet duct. Isolating bolts, to reduce noise, secure the outlet duct to the supercharger and a rubber gasket seals the supercharger to the outlet duct interface.

Fuel Pump
The fuel pump module is mounted in the fuel tank and delivers fuel at variable flow and pressure to the fuel rails, which supply fuel to all fuel injectors. The fuel pump operation is regulated by a fuel pump control module, which is controlled by the EMS.

Throttle Body
The electronic throttle body controls the engine torque and is located on the induction elbow at the rear of the engine. Its main components are an electronic throttle control valve, Accelerator Pedal Position (APP) sensor and the Engine Control Module (ECM).

The APP sensor determines the driver demand to control throttle opening. This value is received by the ECM and the throttle is then opened to the correct angle by means of an integral electric motor. Sensors in the throttle body are used to determine the position of the throttle plate and the rate of change in its angle.

Induction Elbow
The induction elbow provides the interface between the electronic throttle body and the supercharger. Connections on the induction elbow provide vacuum take off's for various vehicle systems.

Fuel Rail





Each fuel rail maintains a fuel pressure of typically 4.5bar (65 psi), however, this pressure will vary depending on engine requirements; lower at idle, higher at full load. Four fuel injectors are installed in each intercooler adapter and are connected to the fuel rail. 'O' ring seals are used to seal the injectors in the fuel rails and the intercooler adapters.

A fuel pressure damper is attached to each of the fuel rails.

Fuel Pressure Damper
A fuel pressure damper is attached centrally to each of the fuel rails. The damper acts to damp pulses from the fuel pump.

Fuel Temperature Sensor
The fuel temperature sensor is located in the rear of the RH fuel rail. The sensor is an NTC sensor, which is connected to the ECM by two wires.

Fuel Pressure Sensor
The fuel pressure sensor continuously monitors the fuel pressure in the fuel rail, this value is used by the ECM to calculate the injector pulse-width required to deliver the correctness of fuel per injection.

The ECM also uses this information to demand a specific fuel flow-rate from the fuel pump via the fuel pump module.

Injectors
Eight, top fed, 12 hole, fuel injectors are installed in the fuel rails. Two 'O' rings seal each injector to the intercooler adapters and fuel rails and should be renewed whenever an injector is refitted to an engine. A small amount of engine oil can be applied to the 'O' rings to aid installation. No other form of lubrication should be used. The fuel jets from the injectors are directed onto the back of the intake valves.

The injectors are electromagnetic solenoid valves controlled by the ECM. Each injector contains a solenoid-operated needle valve, which is closed while the solenoid winding is de-energised. The solenoid winding is connected to a power feed from the main relay and to an earth through the ECM. The ECM switches the earth to control the opening and closing of the needle valve. While the needle valve is open, fuel is sprayed into the cylinder intake tract onto the back of the intake valves. The ECM meters the amount of fuel injected by adjusting the time that the needle valve is open.