Part 1

Audio System

NOTE:
A = Hardwired connection; I = CVBS; N = Medium speed CAN (controller area network); P = MOST; AE = LVDS; AG = Infra-red

CONTROL DIAGRAM - LO-LINE AUDIO SYSTEM









CONTROL DIAGRAM - HI-LINE AND PREMIUM AUDIO SYSTEMS









CONTROL DIAGRAM - MOST (HI-LINE AND PREMIUM SYSTEMS ONLY)









PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

LO-LINE AUDIO SYSTEM
The components of the Lo-Line audio system are connected on a dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus and also the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus.
Information is passed between the audio head unit and the multi-function display on a dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus. The multi-function display and the Integrated Control Panel (ICP) communicate on the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus.
Lo-Line Audio System Gateway Function
The multi-function display is the gateway between medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus and other CAN (controller area network) based vehicle systems. A typical example of information transfer is vehicle speed information from the ABS (anti-lock brake system) module used to control the automatic volume control function. The vehicle speed information from the ABS (anti-lock brake system) module is sent on the high speed CAN (controller area network) bus and collected by the instrument cluster gateway. The signal is passed to the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus, processed by the multi-function display and passed onto the audio head unit on the dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus. The head unit calculates the volume adjustment required and adjusts the output to the speaker
system.

HI-LINE AND PREMIUM AUDIO SYSTEMS
The components of the Hi-Line and Premium audio/infotainment system are all connected on the Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) ring. The MOST ring is a fibre optic communications bus for multimedia applications. Audio and control information is passed around the MOST ring and can be picked up by any of the systems units. For example, radio station tuning/selection input by the vehicle user into the Touch Screen Display (TSD) is sent along the MOST ring and collected by the Integrated Audio Module (IAM) which then selects the requested radio station.
MOST technology uses a plastic optical fibre which forms a network connecting the audio and multimedia system components. Each component in the ring is connected to the plastic optical fiber through a device known as a Fiber Optical Transceiver (FOT). Each FOT has two optical connections; one connection is sensitive to light and is the input, the second connection forms the light source and is the output. The system operates by connecting the output from one FOT to the input of another FOT.
The light signals are sent in one direction only and are formed in the following way:
- Electrical signals are converted into an electrical current
- The current then drives an LED (light emitting diode) in the FOT to produce a high intensity red light
- The LED (light emitting diode) transmits the light through a fiber optic cable
- A photo diode in the FOT at the opposite end of the fiber optic cable detects the light.
The following components may be connected to the MOST ring dependant on the vehicle equipment level:
- IAM
- TSD
- DAB receiver (if fitted)
- SDARS receiver (NAS only)
- Audio power amplifier
- Navigation computer (Japan only)
- TV tuner (if fitted).
MOST is a synchronous network. A timing master supplies the clock information and all other devices on the network synchronize their operation to this clock. The timing master for the MOST network on this vehicle is the TSD. This unit controls and manages the MOST ring and the system components. An Optical Bus tester is used in conjunction with approved Land Rover diagnostic equipment to diagnose the MOST system.
The Optical Bus tester emits a visible, high intensity red light which can be connected into the ring at any point to test the ring integrity. Disconnecting a MOST connector will reveal if the high intensity red light is visible. If a break occurs in the MOST ring, fault codes are stored in the TSD which can be retrieved using approved Land Rover diagnostic equipment.
Hi-Line and Premium Audio System Gateway Functions
The TSD is the gateway between medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus and the MOST systems. A typical example of information transfer is vehicle speed information from the ABS (anti-lock brake system) module used to control the automatic volume control function. The vehicle speed information from the ABS (anti-lock brake system) module is sent on the high speed CAN (controller area network) bus and collected by the instrument cluster gateway. The signal is passed to the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus and onto the IAM via the TSD. The IAM calculates the volume adjustment required. The corrected audio volume level signal is sent on the MOST (media orientated systems transport) network to the audio power amplifier for output to the speaker system.

LO-LINE AUDIO SYSTEM

Multi-Function Display and Integrated Control Panel









Audio Head Unit









The audio head unit is located in the instrument panel, behind the ICP and the ATC (automatic temperature control) module.
The audio head unit contains the following functionality:
- AM (amplitude modulation)/FM (frequency modulation) radio dual tuner with diversity
- Single disc CD (compact disc)/MP3 player
- Amplifier
- DAB tuner (when fitted)
- Bluetooth phone
- USB (universal serial bus)/iPod connectivity
- Auxiliary input (for any device featuring a 3.5mm jack plug output)
- Provides audible beeps for the park aid system, if fitted.
The audio head unit communicates with the multi-function display on a dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus. The multi-function display communicates with the other vehicle systems on the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus and is therefore the 'gateway' for the lo-line audio system.
The audio head unit contains an internal 80W amplifier which directly drives the vehicle speakers.
The audio head unit incorporates an AM (amplitude modulation)/FM (frequency modulation) tuner which allows for the storage of 2 banks of FM presets FM1/FM-AST containing 10 presets each and 2 banks of AM Presets AM1/AM-AST containing 10 presets each. The FM-AST and AM-AST bank gives the 10 strongest FM or AM stations stored by an FM or AM autostore. Pre-set stations are stored in the audio head unit memory. The radio tuner also incorporates the following radio functions:
- AM Auto Store (AM-AST)
- FM Auto Store (FM-AST)
- Presets
- Traffic announcements (TA) - Europe only
- RDS (radio data system) EON (Enhanced Other Networks) function (Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) in NAS markets)
- Seek station
- Tune up/down
- Scan
- PTY.
An optional Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) tuner is incorporated into the audio head unit. This allows the reception of digital broadcast stations which can be received via the DAB band III antenna located in the rear spoiler or via the DAB band L antenna in the roof pod or sigma pod.
All radio antennas are routed into the audio head unit. The head unit supplies a power output to the antenna amplifiers except for the AM antenna amplifier which has a separate power supply to the amplifier.
The audio head unit also supports optional Bluetooth telephone functionality and audio streaming.
Portable audio devices are connected to the head unit via the optional portable audio interface panel.
The head unit incorporates a power management function. Should the vehicle battery level drop below a predetermined level, the unit will switch off if the engine is not started within 3 minutes. The audio head unit receives medium speed CAN (controller area network) signals from other vehicle systems which it uses to determine the wake up/shut down process.
Auxiliary audio input is available via a portable audio interface panel. The panel allows the connection of portable media via 3.5mm jack plug or optional USB/iPod connectivity.
CD Player
The CD (compact disc) player has the capability to play MP3 files. The MP3 discs follow a format of folders and files within the folder, allowed folder depth of up to six levels. It is also possible to place all the files in the root directory on the CD (compact disc).
The random and repeat features follow the normal CD (compact disc) random and repeat feature functions.
When a CD (compact disc) error occurs, the audio head unit will alert the user by showing a message related to the error in the multi-function display. This will be displayed while the CD (compact disc) audio mode is selected until the error is corrected. The CD (compact disc) related error does not affect other areas of the audio head unit and a different audio source can be selected.





Adaptive Volume Control (AVC)
AVC is only fitted in vehicles with the Lo-Line audio systems. AVC controls the audio volume in relation to vehicle speed. As vehicle speed increases the audio level is adjusted to compensate for extra road and vehicle noise.
There are 8 steps (0-7) of AVC. The AVC settings can be changed by selection in the multi-function display menu.
The vehicle speed signal is used to enable the audio head unit to calculate the volume adjustment required. The vehicle speed signal is received over the medium speed CAN (controller area network). The signal is an average of the four wheel speed sensor signals. Should an invalid speed signal be received the AVC will not alter the output volume.

Multi-Function Display
The multi-function display is located in the instrument panel, above the ICP.
The multi-function display is connected to other vehicle systems on the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus and to the audio head unit on a dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus. The multi-function display receives information from other vehicle systems on the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus and passes it to the audio head unit on the dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus.
The multi-function display features a 5" color Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen. Buttons surrounding the screen operate the audio functions, with the exception of the parking aid button. Additional controls for audio are also available on the ICP.
The multi-function display has controls for radio, CD, auxiliary input and telephone. A 'Menu' button allows for the selection and adjustment of audio settings, clock settings and language. Each menu can be scrolled through using a 'four-way' menu navigation control switch and the selected menu can be displayed by pressing the 'OK' button in the center of the control switch.
The following functions can be selected from the menu:

Audio functions:
- Regionalization
- Alternative frequency (AF)
- News
- Adaptive Volume Control (AVC)
- Tone adjustment
- DAB Servicelink
- CD repeat and shuffle

Clock functions:
- Time
- Date

Language:
- Select language from list.
The multi-function display also processes signals from the steering wheel audio switches. The operation of each steering wheel audio switch is via a resistive ladder and the multi-function display processes the received voltage to determine the function selected. This information is then passed to the audio head unit on the dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus to carry out the request.

Integrated Control Panel (ICP)
The ICP is located in the instrument panel, above the ATC (automatic temperature control) module.
The ICP has a rotary control for audio volume control. The control can also be pressed to turn the audio system on and off.
The ICP duplicates many of the multi-function display audio user control features. Any volume setting made whilst in audio or telephone mode will be memorized for that system. The ICP communicates with the multi-function display on the medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus. The multi-function display processes the requests and passes the signals from the ICP to the audio head unit on the dedicated CAN (controller area network) bus.
A slot in the front of the ICP allows a CD to be inserted into the IAM.
Three buttons below the CD slot operate the following audio functions:

Seek Up
- Short press - Select next radio station up the frequency band
- Short press - Select next track on chosen audio source
- Long Press - Enter radio manual seek up the frequency band
- Long Press - Scan forward through a CD track

NOTE:
In radio manual seek, further short presses will change the frequency in single increments.

Seek Down
- Short press - Select next radio station down the frequency band
- Short press - Select previous track on chosen audio source
- Long Press - Enter radio manual seek down the frequency band
- Long Press - Scan backward through a CD track

CD Eject
- Press to eject CD from audio head unit.

Portable Audio Interface Panel









The portable audio interface is located in the floor console cubby box. The interface is a media hub between the portable input device and the audio head unit.
Devices that can be connected include:
- USB (universal serial bus) mass storage devices (for example a memory stick). Devices must use FAT or FAT32 file format.
- iPod(R) (iPod Classic, iTouch, iPhone and iPod Nano are supported - full functionality for older devices cannot be guaranteed). iPod Shuffle functionality cannot be guaranteed.
- Auxiliary device (personal audio, MP3 players).
- Devices with Bluetooth(R) connectivity. Devices must support A2DP and AVRCP Bluetooth(R) protocols).
When connecting a portable storage device, press the AUX button on the multi-function display to select that device input. Depending on the device connected, many of the controls on the multi-function display and ICP can be used.

NOTE:
It is recommended to disconnect an iPod when leaving the vehicle. Failure to do so may result in the iPod battery discharging.
To maximize playback quality, it is recommended to use loss-less compression for any media files on iPod. Failing this, it is recommended that compressed files utilize a minimum bitrate of 192 kb/s (a higher bitrate is strongly recommended for increased quality playback).
For media files delivered via USB (universal serial bus) or MP3 players, the highest compression rate supported is 320 kbits per second (kbps). If anything less than 128 kbps is used, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) functionality may be lost.
Some MP3 players may have a file system that is not supported by the audio head unit. To use an MP3 player, it must be set to USB (universal serial bus) Removable Device or Mass Storage Device mode. Only music that has been added to the device in this mode can be played.

Steering Wheel Controls









The steering wheel mounted audio control switches are located on the LH (left-hand) side of the steering wheel. The operation of each steering wheel audio switch is via a resistive ladder and the multi-function display processes the received voltage to determine the function selected. This information is then passed to the audio head unit on the dedicated CAN bus to carry out the request.
The steering wheel audio switch controls the following functions:
- MODE - Press repeatedly to scroll through all audio/video sources.
- Short press up -
- to select the next radio preset
- to select the next track on chosen audio source.
- Short press down -
- to select the previous radio preset
- to select the previous track or start of current track on chosen audio source.
- With radio manual seek mode activated, further short presses will change the frequency in single increments. A further long press will scan forwards through the current waveband until the button is released
- Long press up -
- to auto seek up the frequency to the next radio station.
- Long press down -
- to auto seek down the frequency to the next radio station.
-
- Volume increase for current audio source
- Volume decrease for current
audio source.

HI-LINE AND PREMIUM AUDIO SYSTEMS

Touch Screen Display and Integrated Control Panel









The Hi-Line and Premium audio systems are based around an Integrated Audio Module (IAM) which communicates on the MOST with other audio and entertainment system modules. The Integrated Control Panel (ICP) communicates on the medium speed CAN (controller area network) with the Touch Screen Display (TSD).

Integrated Audio Module (IAM)









The IAM is located in the instrument panel, behind the Integrated Control Panel (ICP) and the ATC (automatic temperature control) module.
Two levels of IAM are available; IAM 1 and IAM3.
IAM1 contains the following functionality:
- AM/FM/RDS/RBDS radio tuner with diversity
- HD Radio receiver (NAS only)
- Single CD (compact disc)/MP3 player
- Bluetooth(R) and audio streaming.
- Auxiliary audio is available via a portable audio interface panel. The panel allows for the connection of portable audio/video via 2 USB (universal serial bus)'s, a 3.5mm jack plug and iPod connectivity.
IAM3 is the high level unit and supports the following features in addition to the features supported by IAM1:
- Navigation
- TMC/VICS
- Off Road Navigation
- DVD (digital versatile disc) player (for RSE)
- 40GB Hard Disc Drive (HDD) - virtual CD (compact disc) - allows the storage of up to 10 CD (compact disc)s to create a 'virtual' multi-changer.
- Voice recognition
- Whitefire headphones (only with dual-view TSD or RSE).

NOTE:
Video playback via the USB (universal serial bus) is only available on the high level IAM3.
When the vehicle systems become active the TSD is woken up by CAN (controller area network) bus activity and subsequently wakes up the IAM via the MOST.
The IAM incorporates an AM (amplitude modulation)/FM (frequency modulation) tuner which allows for the storage of 3 banks of FM presets FM1/2/3 containing 6 presets each and 3 banks of AM Presets AM1/AM2/AMA containing 6 presets each. The AMA bank gives the 6 strongest AM stations stored by an AM autostore. Pre-set stations are stored in the IAM and TSD memory. The radio tuner also incorporates the following radio functions:
- HD Radio (NAS only)
- AM Auto Store (AST)
- FM station list
- Presets
- Traffic announcements (TA) - Europe only
- RDS (radio data system) / (Radio Broadcast Data System (RBDS) in NAS markets) functions:
- Station name
- Radio text
- PTY
- Traffic Announcements (TA) (Not NAS)
- AF switching (Not NAS)
- REG to lock to regional/local broadcast (Not NAS)
- Seek station
- Tune up/down.
When the optional Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) tuner is specified, the audio system is fitted with a separate DAB receiver. This allows the reception of digital broadcast stations which can be received via the FM2/DAB band III antenna located in the rear spoiler or via the DAB band L antenna in the roof pod or sigma pod.
In NAS markets, Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) can be specified, the audio system is fitted with a separate SDARS tuner. This allows for the reception of the satellite digital broadcast stations which are received via an SDARS antenna located in the roof pod or sigma pod.
AM/FM/(VICS Japan only) radio antennas are routed into the IAM. The head unit supplies a power output to the antenna amplifiers except for the AM antenna amplifier which has a separate power supply to the amplifier. The antennas for DAB and SDARS are routed to the DAB module and SDARS module respectively.
The IAM incorporates a power management function. Should the vehicle battery level drop below a predetermined level, the unit will limit its functionality. The IAM receives MOST signals from the TSD. The TSD receives medium speed CAN (controller area network) bus signals from other vehicle systems which it uses to determine the wake up/shut down process for the modules on the MOST ring.
Calibration of the IAM using approved Land Rover diagnostic equipment enables updates to be downloaded as new technology becomes available or any fault concerns require software updates. If the IAM is replaced it must be configured as a new module using approved Land Rover diagnostic equipment.
CD Player/DVD Player (where fitted)
The CD (compact disc) player has the capability to play MP3 files. The MP3 discs follow a format of folders and files within the folder. It is also possible to place all the files in the root directory on the CD (compact disc).
The random and repeat features follow the normal CD (compact disc) random and repeat feature functions.
When an CD (compact disc) error occurs, the IAM will alert the user by showing a message related to the error in the TSD. This will be displayed while the CD (compact disc) audio mode is selected until the error is corrected. The CD (compact disc) related error does not affect other areas of the IAM and a different audio source can be selected.





The IAM has the ability to load audio files and 'rip' the music onto the internal hard drive, a 10GB partition is reserved to store music. It is possible to store up to 10 uncompressed albums onto the hard drive. Only CDDA files can be loaded into the virtual changer.
File compatibility for the single slot CD mechanism includes:
- CD audio
- MP3 - (MPEG Layer III)
- WMA - (Microsoft Windows Media Audio)
- WAV - (waveform)
- AAC - (Advanced Audio Coding. Apple iTunes - only through iPod interface).

NOTE:
The CD player may take a longer time to load an MP3 disc, if there are more tracks than on a normal CD. To minimize leading time, a rigid folder structure is recommended.

NOTE:
In the event of customer complaints relating to audio quality, file compression should be taken into consideration during diagnosis.
Dynamic Volume Control (DVC)
DVC controls the audio output parameters in relation to the noise inside the cabin (road noise, wind noise, etc.) and vehicle speed. No customer settings are available for adjustment.