Design [4 of 4]
Throttle position (TP) sensorSee: Electronic throttle unit
Accelerator pedal (AP) position sensor
The function of the accelerator pedal (AP) position sensor is to provide the engine control module (ECM) and central electronic module (CEM) with information about the position of the accelerator pedal. This data is used by the engine control module (ECM) to deploy the shutter in the throttle unit to the correct angle.
The sensor consists of a plastic housing with circuits. The output signals are a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal and an analog signal related to the accelerator pedal (AP) position.
These signals indicate the position of the accelerator pedal (AP). The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is transmitted to the engine control module (ECM). The analog signal is transmitted to the central electronic module (CEM) and on to the engine control module (ECM) via the controller area network (CAN).
Normally the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is used to regulate the throttle angle. In the event of a fault in the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal the analog signal is used as a replacement, unless this is also diagnosed as faulty.
The sensor is supplied with 12 V by the system relay via a fuse and is grounded in the car body.
The pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is also used in conjunction with the analog signal for accelerator pedal (AP) position sensor diagnostics. The accelerator pedal (AP) position sensor signals can be read using VIDA. A diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is stored if the engine control module (ECM) detects a difference between the analog and pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. The engine control module (ECM) then uses the signal with the lowest value for regulation.
The accelerator pedal (AP) position sensor is located on the accelerator pedal bracket.
Clutch pedal switch
Engine control module (ECM) receives information about the clutch pedal's position in two ways.
Partly from a clutch pedal position sensor which is directly connected to Central electronic module (CEM), and partly from a clutch pedal switch directly connected to the Engine control module (ECM).
The function of the clutch pedal switch is to provide extra safety for the function autostart. In order for the function to be activated, the Engine control module (ECM) must receive signal that indicates pressed down pedal from the clutch pedal switch.
To start without the function autostart it is enough that any of the signals (from clutch pedal position sensor or clutch pedal switch) indicates pressed down pedal.
For more information about the clutch pedal position sensor, see Design and Function, central electronic module (CEM).
In its starting position, the clutch pedal switch is open (clutch pedal released). The switch's installation shall be adjusted so that is is closed when the clutch pedal passes 75% of full pedal movement.
The clutch pedal switch is on the pedal box by the clutch pedal.
The engine control module (ECM) can diagnose the clutch pedal switch. The status (position) of the switch can be read using the diagnostic tool.
Note! Read-out only works on vehicles built after week 46 2007.
Main relay (system relay)
The function of the main relay (system relay) is to supply certain components with voltage.
The relay is mechanical and has a closing and opening function. In the rest position the circuit in the relay is open.
The main relay terminals (#30 and #86) are supplied with voltage by the battery. When the ignition key has been turned and the engine control module (ECM) is powered, the terminal (#85) on the main relay is grounded by the engine control module (ECM).
When the terminal (#85) is grounded, the relay is activated and a number of components are powered via the relay terminal (#87).
The main relay is in the integrated relay/fuse box in the engine compartment and is diagnosed by the engine control module (ECM).
Air conditioning (A/C) relay
The air conditioning (A/C) relay supplies the A/C compressor with voltage. The relay is controlled by the engine control module (ECM) based on information from different signals:
- the climate control module (CCM) (via the control area network (CAN))
- the engine coolant temperature
- the position of the accelerator pedal (AP)
- the pressure in the system.
The engine control module (ECM) can temporarily disengage the A/C compressor during wide open throttle (WOT) acceleration.
The relay is mechanical. It has a closing / breaking function and is supplied with power from the system relay.
In the rest position the circuit in the relay is open.
The system relay supplies the coil and the relay with power. The relay activates when the coil is grounded in the engine control module (ECM), the circuit closes and the A/C compressor is supplied with power via the relay voltage output.
The relay coil is grounded (signal) when the engine control module (ECM) receives a signal via the Controller area network (CAN) from the climate control module (CCM) to activate the relay and start the compressor.
Fuel pump (FP) relay
See Design and Function, central electronic module (CEM).
Starter motor relay
The function of the starter motor relay is to supply power to the starter motor. See also: Function, B5244S4 Function
The starter motor relay is in the relay/fuse box in the engine compartment.
Injectors
The function of the injectors is to spray fuel into the cylinders in the correct spray patterns. This happens sequentially.
The injectors are in the intake manifold.
It is essential that the injectors are correctly installed with no air leakage around them. Fuel leakage from the top of an injector when it is not activated may lead to starting and driving problems.
The engine control module (ECM) controls the injectors by grounding the valves in pulses.
The engine control module (ECM) can diagnose the injectors. The injectors can be activated using VIDA.
Evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve
The evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve is used to open and close the connection between the EVAP canister and the intake manifold. The valve controls the flow of hydro-carbons (fuel vapor) from the EVAP canister to the engine intake manifold using the vacuum in the intake manifold. This ensures that hydro-carbons stored in the EVAP canister are used in the engine combustion process.
The valve is an electro-magnetic valve which is powered from the system relay. When the valve needs to be opened, it is grounded internally in the engine control module (ECM). The evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve is closed when in the standby position (open-circuit).
When the control module requests that the EVAP canister should be drained (the hydrocarbons stored in the canister should be released into the engine), the control module deploys the evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve by grounding it. A pulse width modulation (PWM) signal is used to ground the valve and to control the degree to which the valve will open. In this way, the drainage of the EVAP canister is matched to the volumetric efficiency of the EVAP canister, the engine speed (RPM) and the engine load.
The engine control module (ECM) can diagnose the evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve. The valve can be activated using VIDA.
The evaporative emission system (EVAP) valve is close to the intake manifold.
Camshaft reset valve (Continuous variable valve timing (CVVT))
The camshaft reset valve controls the oil flow to the CVVT unit (camshaft pulley).
The valve consists of an electro-magnetic valve with a spring-loaded piston. There are slits in the piston which channel the engine lubricating oil to the CVVT unit by moving the piston in the reset valve. The continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) unit turns the camshaft (the camshaft timing changes). The direction in which the camshaft turns depends on the chamber in the CVVT unit which is supplied with oil (pressure). See also: Function, B5244S4 Function
The system relay supplies the reset valve with voltage. The valve is grounded (control stage) in the engine control module (ECM). When the valve is grounded using a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, the oil flow in the valve can be regulated to the different chambers in the continuous variable valve timing (CVVT) unit at variable rates. This allow the angle of the camshaft to be changed precisely and smoothly.
The engine control module (ECM) can diagnose the camshaft reset valve.
The valve is located on the cylinder head above the intake camshaft.
Ignition coils
The ignition coils supply the spark plugs with high voltage to produce sparks. The engine control module (ECM) controls the ignition coils so that sparks are generated at the correct time.
Each ignition coil has its own integrated power stage.
The ignition coils are in the sparkplug wells above each spark plug.
The engine control module (ECM) can diagnose the ignition coils.
Emissions warning lamp
The emissions warning lamp in the Driver Information Module (DIM) has a warning symbol. This warning symbol varies depending on the market. The warning symbols are:
- Engine symbol" (not USA)
- CHECK ENGINE" (MIL - Malfunction Indicator Lamp, USA only).
The warning lamp lights when the ignition key is turned to position II. The warning lamp will go out after approximately 15 seconds or if the engine is started when no fault is found in the engine management system.
The warning lamp will light if there is a fault in one of the parameters in the engine management system. The warning lamp will also light in response to a request transmitted via the control area network (CAN) if there is a fault in the transmission control module (TCM) which affects emissions.